Human Recombinant MIP-1 alpha (CCL3)

Macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha (MIP-1 alpha), also known as CCL3, is a member of the CC family of chemokines and is most closely related to CCL4 or MIP-1 beta. The two subtypes of human MIP-1 alpha (LD78α and LD78β) signal mainly through CCR5, which is the major coreceptor required for entry of certain strains of HIV-1 into permissive cells. MIP-1 chemokines are capable of inhibiting HIV-1 infection in susceptible cells. Also, chemokine receptors (CCR1 and CCR5) have been identified for LD78α, whereas three receptors (CCR1, CCR3, and CCR5) were reported for LD78β (Menten et al.). MIP-1 alpha exhibits a variety of proinflammatory activities in vitro, including leukocyte chemotaxis, and it inhibits the proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells in vitro and in vivo (Cook). In vitro experiments have shown that human MIP-1 alpha and beta have different attractant activities for subsets of immune effector cells, with human MIP-1 alpha having greater effects than human MIP-1 beta, particularly on CD8+ T cells and B cells. In addition to chemotaxis, MIP-1 alpha can also activate multiple cell types and induce cytokine production (Schall et al.).