Human Recombinant BMP-2

Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) is a member of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) superfamily. BMP-2 is a disulfide-linked homodimer, acts as a ligand for complexes of type I and II BMP receptors, and primarily activates SMAD1/5/8 signaling (Nohe et al.). BMP-2 is a potent differentiation factor and directs human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) towards various cell types including extra-embryonic endoderm, mesenchymal cells, and chondrocytes (Pera et al.). Although BMP-2 expression is low in healthy cartilage, its expression is upregulated at the site of cartilage damage (Blaney Davidson et al.). BMP-2 induces bone and cartilage formation in vitro and is able to induce chondrogenesis in human mesenchymal stem cells (Schmitt et al.).